今天的环球邮报(globe and mail)发表题为“How Canadian are you? ”的文章
后面附了蒙特利尔公共政策研究会的调查结果(the Ethnic Diversity Survey),如下所示:
CANADIAN IDENTITY
Do you identify as Canadian?
Immigrant Recent* Earlier** Second Generation Third Generation and higher
Whites 21.9% 53.8% 78.2% 63.4%
Total visible minorities 21.4 34.4 56.6
Chinese 30.6 42.0 59.5
South Asian 19.1 32.7 53.6
Black 13.9 27.2 49.6
Other visible minorities 17.4 32.8 60.6
我们从中可以看到,
1、第一代移民中的初来者(新移民),无论是白色人种,还是有色人种,对加拿大身份的认同指数,总体上看是相差不多的(21.9% 与21.4 %之别),来自中国的移民认同指数甚至更高(30.6%),而非裔、南亚裔及其它有色人种则较低。
2、第一代移民随着来加时间越久,白色人种与有色人种对加拿大身份的认同比例差距拉大(53.8%与34.4%的区别),中国移民在有色人种中,认同比例仍较高。
3、从第二代移民起,白色人种与有色人种的身份认同比例差距比第一代老移民有所缩小(63.4% 与56.6 %),但仍比第一代新移民在人种认同比例上的差距要大。
按说移加时间越长,尤其第二代移民起,已不存在语言文化障碍,为什么肤色不同的群裔在认同感上反而差距更大呢?
以下是另一项调查问题的结果:
DISCRIMINATION?
Have you experienced discrimination in the past 5 years?
Immigrant Recent* Earlier** Second Generation Third Generation and higher
Whites 19.2% 10.2% 10.9% 9.9%
Total visible minorities 33.6 35.5 42.2
Chinese 35.4 30.9 34.5
South Asian 28.2 34.1 43.4
Black 44.8 47.7 60.9
Other visible minorities 32.5 34.8 36.2
从中可以看到,感受到歧视的移民,有色人种比例高于白色人种,而且基本上从第一代到第二代、第三代没有好转,甚至比例更高、差距更大。
文章引用Ratna Omidvar (executive director of the Maytree Foundation, a Toronto organization that works with immigrants)的话,认为造成上述认同差距扩大的原因在于:the failure to engage immigrants as full members of society。
对于多元文化国策的功用与实效,这位专家是这样评价的:
1、"Good multicultural policy must not only protect our rights to equality, but it must also create real opportunities," she said.
2、"Multiculturalism doesn't have specific goals and objectives. The majority population thinks too much is being done already, while minorities think the policy lacks credibility."
(利用上课间隙写的,意欲未尽,回头有空再续。请各位感兴趣者就此发表看法。)